Geography of Southeast Asia

Deviance Is the Recognized Violation of Cultural Norms Essay Example

Deviance Is the Recognized Violation of Cultural Norms Essay Example Deviance Is the Recognized Violation of Cultural Norms Paper Deviance Is the Recognized Violation of Cultural Norms Paper According to the three social foundations of deviance: 1) Deviance varies according to cultural norms, 2) People become deviant as others define them that way, and 3) Both norms and the way people define situations Involve social power, all behavior whether good or bad Is shaped by society. When you are a victim of child abuse you social skills arena as strong as others. When youre being abused as a child you hold yourself back from society for fear that someone might find out about your situation. You dont interact with others to assure that your problem isnt the topic of discussion. As a child, when oer in a home where you are constantly being abused, either physically or mentally, then you perceive that as being a cultural norm. You feel it is k to hurt others because that was how you were brought up. When you are raised in an abused home you may not understand what is classified as deviant to the rest of the world and therefore act in the way in which you know how. Official statistics indicate that arrest rates peak in late adolescence and drop steadily thereafter. As human beings, we all need to be loved. As humans when we feel that we are not being loved, we are determined to go and find love somewhere. And most of the times, as the saying goes, Find love in all the wrong places. When you are abused as a child you tend to cling to people or things that accept you and make you feel wanted. When you are not at home you are going to do any and everything you can to take your mind off the fact that when you get home you are in a world of hurt. No matter what It Is. It can be bowling, it can be reading, it can be watching movies, or it can be stealing, fighting, or even destroying property. As a child you are not as Informed on what is wrong and what is right. And for the most part as a child you probably dont are you Just want to be loved and be around people who dont hurt you. As you get older In childhood the less you can depend on others and the more you branch out from your social norm. The moment someone comes to you and appears to care about you, or the first thing you find to do to take your mind off being abused, that will be the person and/or thing that carries you for the rest of your life. And as you get older you arent going to do It to the same degree as you did before, you are going to want to be more Involved. According to Robert Martens Strain Theory, the extent ND kind of deviance depend on whether a society provides the means to achieve cultural goals. For example, people who are living In poverty see very little hope of being successful if they play by the rules and obey the law. If you are a child and you are Dealing souses, you see very little nope AT Dealing nappy unless you ay something to take your mind off of being abused. Because norms and situations involve social power, you are going to do something that makes you feel like a big person and that you have clout. Even though there are productive things you can do that will allow o to achieve the goal of feeling like somebody, using unconventional means to achieve a culturally approved goal also known as innovation Just seems easier. But, there are, people who obsessively stick to the rules so that they at least feel respectable, this is called ritualism. There are some people who were abused as a child and decided that they were not going to live their life as a victim. They focus on the good to overcome the bad. They dont follow the rules to necessarily be successful but they continuously follow the rules because they dont want to do wrong. Then you have people who when they are faced with the inability to succeed they retreat by rejecting both cultural goals and means. A lot of times, when you are continually a victim you get to the point where you dont care about anyone else or anything, and all that matters is that you are content. You arent worried about being successful, you arent worried about doing right, all you are worried about is that you are feeling the way you are feeling because you made the choice. Like retreats, rebels reject both the cultural definition of success and the conventional means of achieving success by taking it one step further and forming a counterculture and seeking new goals through new means. This also describes the theory formed by Richard Collard and Lloyd Olin, which propose that crime doesnt necessarily result from limited legitimate opportunity but also from readily accessible illegitimate opportunity. Sociologist Travis Hirsch developed the theory that social control depends on anticipating the consequences of ones behavior. He assumes that for some, Just thinking about the reactions of family and friends is enough to make you o right, but on the other hand, you have people who think that they have little to lose from deviance and are likely to become rule-breakers. When you are a victim of child abuse, the place you call home is the worst and last place that you want to be. Therefore, you are determined to find someone else and something to make your return home a better one. According to Hirsch conformity is linked to four different types of social control. First, you have attachments where strong social attachments encourage conformity, but also when you come from a weak family, peer, and school allegations such as being a victim of child abuse it leaves you freer to engage in deviance. Second, you have opportunity. The greater a persons access to legitimate opportunity, the greater the advantages of conformity. On the other hand, someone with little confidence, who constantly is belittled and made to feel inferior, in future success if freer to drift toward deviance. Third, you have involvement. When you are extensively involved in legitimate activities, deviance is inhibited. On the contrast, people who hang out waiting for something to happen, or are trying to get away, eave the time and energy to engage in deviant activity. Lastly, there is belief. Strong beliefs in conventional morality and respect for authority figures restrain tendencies toward deviance. But then you have people who are constantly exposed to immorality or the lack of morality, have weak consciences and are more open to temptation. Alexander Liaisons points out that the people we tend to define, as deviants, are typically those who share the trait of powerlessness. Being a victim of child abuse, winter mentally or phonically Is one AT ten ways people are mace to Tell powerless. It is at this point when they are forced to find something or someone else to occupy their time, ease their mind, better their situation, or even feel respectable. Not everything about deviance is considered bad. According to Mile Druthers, two of the four essential functions performed by deviance are that, responding to deviance brings people together and it encourages social change. People typically react to serious deviance like in the September 1 1, 2001 attack where people across the U. S joined to protect the country and bring those responsible to Justice. Deviant people SSH a societys moral boundaries, which is why many organizations are formed today. According to www. Childbeds. Com, child abuse can be labeled as anything from: child homicide, child pornography, child prostitution, neglect and abandonment, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual offenses, computer crimes, and even religious exemptions to criminal child abuse and neglect. Just like there are many forms of child abuse there are also many ways to prevent child abuse. One of the best ways, I believe, is to stop child abuse before it starts through prevention programs. There are support programs for new parents which provide support for arenas still in the prenatal stage and for those in the post-natal stage. Then there are nationally known programs such as Parent Effectiveness Training (P. E. T. ), the Parent Nurturing Program, and Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (S. T. E. P. , which use various approaches toward parenting education and are distinct in their use of teaching tools such as reward and punishment, praise, and specific encouragement. They even have a family screening and treatment program in which a visitor comes in the home to detect problems children may be having, Just to name a few. Under no circumstance should a child be abused. But in the horrible case that there are there are many ways to get help. A person should not have to lean to deviance to feel wanted, accepted, or loved. There are positive means to achieving desired goals. Being a victim of child abuse, many things that affect me now could have been prevented if I would have had the proper care and treatment provided as a child my mother was a drug abuser and a child abuser. I got beat everyday all day and sometimes it took days for me to recover, I may have missed school, doctor appointment anything to hide the fact that she was beating me at home. Not only as I a victim of physical abuse, Im also a victim of sexual abuse provided by my own mother and others in my family. Then one she finally cracked, she tried to kill me I got beat all day almost half dead. Then she took a knife and stabbed 5 times and shot me in my arm and threw bleach in my face and told me she would kill me and bury me in the back yard and she was going to be on the run. She asked me did I have any last words and I told her to let me kill myself to you will not go to hell. She said no because she want me to die slow like I have made her do all these years because I was a mistake and a burden. Then someone answered my prayers and I made it to the hospital and they had to put me under Jane Doe to protect that she would not find me and try and hurt me again. Before I left she told me if I told anyone what she was doing to me she would find me and kill me. Now I was a victim of psychological abuse. My mother hurt me so bad and installed so much fear in my heart and mind, to winner I outhunt 1 010 not deserve to De love or to give love. From tens a lot AT my personal relationship has failed for me. I think everyone is going to hurt me or leave me so I hurt them first so I cant get hurt. Being abused at a stage where you are helpless and cant protect yourself is cruel.

Health Care Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health Care Reform - Essay Example Public policy addresses a wide range of issues ranging from crime to education to health, and social welfare. Many policies are similar in countries with similar structure of governments and ideals. Creation of public policy is a long well checked and all- inclusive process that ensures that only the best policies are formulated. Some scholars have simply defined public policy as the action, laws measures of regulation, and funding priorities covering a given topic put into action by a government or its proxies. Public policy is in many cases enshrined "in constitutions, acts of parliament, and judicial decisions. Public policy is divided into domestic and foreign policy. Domestic policy Domestic policy is the area of public policy concerned with government programs, laws, and administrative decisions that cover the happenings within a country’s borders and that attempt at bettering the lives of the citizens within the country. Health care Health care is an important sector th at affects the whole population and which governments ought to give due weight when formulating policies on the same. It is the duty of every government to ensure that the general populace is in good health. This ensures not only people having faith in the government, but also maximum productivity in all other sectors. In formulating policy, the government must consider accessibility to health care where all citizens need to be in a position to physically access health facilities. The government must also consider the affordability of the same and ensure health care is not too costly for the general populace. The government must also ensure that the quality of care for its citizenry. Recent times have seen many governments attempt to reform their health sector. Among the reforms that have been attempted most is broadenings section of the population that accesses health and medical care coverage through use of either public sector or private sector insurance programs or companies res pectively. The governments have also put in place measures to expand the choice of health care providers such that consumers have the opportunity to choose. Efforts to improve quality of health care through use of up-to-date equipment and proper training of Health care providers have been put in place. Various attempts have also been put in place to ensure reduced costs of health care. The United States is one of the countries that have put in place innumerable measures to ensure that its citizens get high quality, easily accessible and affordable health care. Health care in the United States. There are a wide range of health care providers in the United States. The United States domestic policy makers place a great emphasis on the country’s health care systems. The United States government is ranked fourth in the world in the per capita spending on health at $3,426 behind. The only countries ahead of the US in this respect are Monaco, Norway and Luxembourg, all of which have a higher GDP per capita than the US. However the efforts have not had enough effect as the country is ranked 50th in the world life expectancy at 78.49. This falls behind the life expectancies of most developed and some developing countries. Life expectancy is one of the biggest indices of health care quality. The country has higher infant mortality rates than most developed countries.

Benefits and strategies of Internet marketing proposal Research Paper

Benefits and strategies of Internet marketing proposal - Research Paper Example The proposal also aims at identifying the way of making business productive and marketable using the internet. The proposal also aims to explain how effective internet marketing can help in promoting business beyond borders at low cost. In regards to internet marketing, the proposal also explains how other social media applications can be of help in promoting and doing business all over the world without necessarily moving from one place to another. The proposal furthermore defines ways on how globalization has made business easy due to rapid development in technology. World technology through Wide Area Applications (WAP), has promoted invention of business platform such as e-commerce that focuses on the business electronically through mobile phones, computers and even computerized devices such as Bluetooth. According to Silverstein (2000), Internet marketing refers to the sale of commodities through web and email with the aim of driving valid and productive buyers. In addition to selling and buying of products, websites and emails enable online advertising of the same goods and services typically in conjunction with old methods like television, radio, magazines, and newspapers. According to Kotler & Armstrong (2012), most of the companies and organizations always think selling and buying of goods online is the only way to make wider market in regards to business success. Many are frightened to venture into online marketing since they fear they might lose lifetime savings besides turning off potential clients. Many fail to realize that selling and buying online is the same as doing one-on-one service with valid customer in daily life situation. Online marketing entails winning trust and confidence of respective clients or customers in regards to particular service or good you wish to offer. The target market will, therefore, depend on the type of service, or a good one offers into the immediate market. This will enable potential and valid

Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Geography - Essay Example Spain was the first one to establish colonies in Florida followed by other Europeans. England made its attempts to form colonies in the seventeenth century and these attempts were successful. At this time, there was no official intention to form colonies in America but the motivation among the people was to explore and live in a richer environment. The main stage of European settlements was in the eighteenth century when the thirteen fully formed European colonies started a rebellion against the British rule and soon afterwards declared themselves as independent and became the United States of America. The migration pattern, as mentioned above, was as follows; initially Spain formed settlements followed by Mexico, France, Netherland, Sweden, and then England. Short Paragraph 1 Not everyone shares equally in the economic bounties of North America. This fact can be traced back to the colonial period. The European settlers were industrially developed and they had developed different way s of farming and producing goods. All these European cultures brought these techniques with them to America and thus the economy of America developed.

The HR policies in multinational companies

The HR policies in multinational companies A critical issue faced by host-country nationals with respect to HR management is the degree to which Multinational Companies (MNCs) include parent HR policies as part of global HR policies (Lawler, 1999). This greatly depends on the company structure, market structure, and its global presence. However, HR policies are affected by various factors that these MNCs need to incorporate once they start operating in host countries. A major factor because of which MNCs incorporate these factors in their HR policies is due to culture; many of the HR policies of MNCs take into account the culture of the host country of which gender is an important factor (Lawler, 1999). If gender discrimination is not appreciated in the host country, companies will need to formulate HR policies accordingly, whereas in countries that discriminate on the basis of gender and is culturally and socially acceptable, then MNCs may or may not formulate policies based on it as then it would be the parent companies discretion as to how they would want to approach the matter keeping in mind the company values and objectives. One way to study the culture of countries and understand how important the issue of gender discrimination is is by examining factors using Hofstedes cultural dimensions. These dimensions are power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede, 1991). To study the extent to which gender issues affect the HR policies of MNCs, it is more appropriate to look at individualism/collectivism rather than masculinity/femininity; gender issues in the context of HR is more about the degree to which women liberalisation is prevalent in the country rather than how masculine or feminine the culture of the country is. Individualistic cultures focus more on personal accomplishments hence those cultures are more likely to influence MNCs to formulate gender bias-free HR policies when operating in that particular country; the study reveals that in individualistic countries, HR policies of MNCs do not discriminate people on the basis of gender (Lawler, 1999). Globalization The world today has become highly dynamic and competitive; globalisation has become the catchphrase in the business world where policies and strategies are developed as per global competitiveness (Joynt and Morton, 2005). Due to this factor which affects revenue generation and profits of organisations greatly, multinationals try and formulate bias-free policies when it comes to gender. A research was conducted to compare the HR practices in insurance companies of Indian and multinational companies; results showed that Indian companies discriminated salaries and job positions on gender basis; however, in multinationals, this practice was not evident (Kundu and Malhan, 2009). Today, what companies are looking for is a competent skilled employee who is the right person for the job; jobs are not restricted to males or females, rather they are about the right person. Hence, it can be concluded that in multinational companies gender does not affect HR policies if organisations are revolvin g their strategies and corporate objectives around globalisation and are trying to gain corporate and competitive advantage on a global level. European Cases The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2005) studied a number of European corporate cases that included the HR practices of companies operating in Europe. All these examples focus on how important gender has been in being a part of HR policies and finally in achieving corporate objectives. Grupo Texto Editores is a Portuguese company that realised the importance of gender equality and made it a part of its HR policies as the management felt that gender balance was extremely important in order to make the company competitive; this HR policy of the company has won it the Gender Equality and Quality Award by CITE in 2000 (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2005). According to Mr. Luis Pedro Nunes, Head of Global Human Resources Operations of the group, the companys success is largely due to the gender policy of the group; the HR policies have been built on the principle of hiring the right people and hence it automatically maintains a gender balance in the organisation. Another case that the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2005) has studied with respect to gender and HR policies is that of Nestle. Nestle France has faced major challenges with respect to gender imbalances in the company which has affected its reputation globally. The multinationals HR policies in recruitment and other areas such as training are seen to be highly discriminatory by the union; women are not promoted to senior positions, they are not sent on training, and much of their demands are not addressed by the senior management. This resulted in unbalanced salary structures between men and women, limited training opportunities for women, and very few promotions for women to senior levels. French legislation has passed considerable bills that force firms not to discriminate on the basis of gender; companies with a workforce of over 200 are required to even have equality commissions. Nestle France however falls short in displaying gender quality and hence falls behind other global competitors such as Danone. The management did get concern about the discriminatory practices in the company and hence conducted a survey which showed drastic discrimination against women. Nestle France consequently made changes in its HR policies to tackle this problem and by 2003 the company had female managers in high positions and a female member on its board. Nestle has also put certain mechanisms to ensure gender equality as part of its global HR policy. Nestle France clearly illustrates an example whereby how gender-biased HR policies can affect the reputation of companies. If companies do not address these issues, they fail to gain competitive advantage over other firms, just like Nestle France has lost it to Danone. The Case of Norway Gender greatly affects the reputation of countries because of which they continue including it in HR policy formation. Norway has been given the status of forerunners regarding gender equality in Europe; it is also among the top countries that promote female participation in the workforce. However, the government of Norway, even after these statuses regarding gender equality, realised that the companies operating in Norway did not have much representation of women in leadership positions. To counter this issue, the government encouraged companies to formulate HR policies that give more opportunities to women and increase their role in leadership positions. Another reason they formulated such policies was because the country realised that they are wasting the 50% female population of the country and were not utilising these resources when females could contribute to the society in similar ways as men could. The Ministerial Intervention at the EU Informal Ministerial Meeting on Gender Equality (2008) discussed gender bias-free HR policies as a precondition for building competitive organisations in the global corporate world. The MNCs also saw women as the future and a sign of modernity for them which encouraged them to formulate gender-friendly HR policies. Due to these reasons, the gender balance requirement was set in Norway which was at 40% in all companies. This has proven successful across Norway; hence, it can be concluded that gender does affect HR policies in multinational companies and other companies, especially when countries, as a whole, realise the strategic importance of gender bias-free policies. Gender Pay Inequalities One of the major reasons for gender-based discrimination in MNCs is pay (Blau and Kahn, 2007). Many labor force statistics reveal the existence of gender pay gaps. In the USA, an average woman had to work until April 2008 at the present gap rate in order to earn what an average man earned towards the end of 2007 (The National Womens Law Center, 2008). Likewise, in the European Union, there are a number of MNCs being biased in their HR policies where the matter is related to pay structures. An average full time working woman in the UK would miss approximately  £369,000 in her working life (BBC News, 14.11.2008). At times, women do not even realise that they are being discriminated against on the basis of pay structures; in some cases, women may be aware of the discrimination as per company HR policies; however, they might not consider pay disparities as important when compared to other dimensions of work (Khoreva, 2009). The Global Gender Gap Index Gender, being a discriminatory factor in global HR policies, has become so important in todays globalised world that a need for a Global Gender Gap Index has arisen. Gender greatly affects the HR policies of MNCs, consequently creating gender gaps. The Global Gender Gap Index scrutinises the gap between women and men in four basic yet extremely important areas: economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment and health and survival (The Global Gender Gap, 2008). It can be concluded form the report that the gap has been widening globally as the number of countries with widening gaps in 2006-2007 was 24, where as in 2007-2008 the number was 41 (The Global Gender Gap, 2008). Although countries with narrowing gaps are more than countries with widening gaps, the percentage of improvement is decreasing over the years; from 91% in 2006-2007, the rate has gone down to 87% in 2007-2008 (The Global Gender Gap, 2008). Hence, it is evident that MNCs globally are not addressing gender discriminatory issues in their HR policies as the Global Gender Gap Index is continuously increasing. Conclusion The discussion throughout this paper focused on different factors and reasons that affect HR policy formation; policy formation is not only based on corporate philosophies that promote gender equality or favor women, however there are multiple ways by which gender affects HR policy formation in multinational companies. Gender equality greatly affects HR policies in multinational companies primarily because of the global village the world has shrunk into. The need of the hour is the integration of the entire world where gender plays an extremely important and crucial role. Gender equality has become a prerequisite in developing multinational companies into highly competitive organisations. The world has become so competitive that in order to survive, companies will not just have to include women in its workforce but also invest in their training and development in order to help them reach leadership positions in top management. If companies favour either of the two genders, they will never be able to achieve success levels that organisations having gender bias-free HR policies might have achieved or will achieve in the future. Incorporating gender as a major factor in formulating HR policies especially in multinational companies motivates the local population of the host country. It helps bring the youth of the country, both men and women, together in contributing to society and more by being part of these companies. Finally, equal opportunity policies should be formulated as HR policies of multinational companies so that these companies are able to develop trust between the people of host countries they are operating in and the MNCs as that will facilitate the entire process of global communication and make the world a better place to live and work in.

Caddie - Australian Movie Review :: essays research papers

The movie Caddie stars Helen Morse as ‘Caddie’ Marsh, a young woman in the depression, Jackie Weaver, as Caddie’s friend Leslie, Jack Thompson as Ted, and Takis Emmanuel as Peter. Caddie is set in the times of the Australian depression and was the first remotely successful Australian feature film. It follows the story of a spirited woman and her experiences over seven life-shaping years of her life. Through her eyes we see the effect of the depression on the average Australians of the time. The movie tells the story of a young Sydney woman during the years 1925 to 1932 in which time she changes from a young suburban 25 year old matron and mother to a free-wheeling woman of 32. The film opens with Caddie learning that her husband is in love with her best friend, Ester, and taking the only course she feels is open to her; she leaves him taking the children with her. To earn enough money to keep her and the children, Caddie takes a job as a barmaid, and soon learns the ropes with the help of fellow barmaid Josie. One day Ted, the SP bookmaker comes into the pub. He names her Caddie after his brand new Cadillac that, like her, he says has class and beauty. Caddie is struggling to look after her two children, Anne, and Terry properly, so she makes the very difficult decision to put them into children’s homes. Through a friend, Caddie meets Peter, a Greek immigrant and successful businessman. They fall in love and become lovers, but fate strikes with the sudden illness of Peter’s father and he has to leave for Greece. Winter two years later, and the Great Depression is taking its toll on Sydney and Caddie. She has trouble staying employed, and finally is bed-ridden suffering from malnutrition and nervous exhaustion. She is befriended by â€Å"Bill the Rabbito† and his younger brother Sonny, who share their meagre belongings with her until she is well and strong again. Caddie takes yet another job as a barmaid, and meets Paddy Reilly who